Scientific Researches On:
Coriolus Versicolor (Yunzhi Mushroom)
USA National Center for Biotechnology Information
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Antimetastatic effects of PSK (Krestin), a
protein-bound polysaccharide obtained from
basidiomycetes: an overview.
Kobayashi H,
Matsunaga K,
Oguchi Y.
Health Science University of Hokkaido, Japan.
PSK, a protein-bound polysaccharide obtained from
cultured mycelia of Coriolus versicolor in
basidiomycetes, is a biological response modifier,
diverse operations of which include an antitumor
action. We have previously reviewed recent research
which had demonstrated that in animals, PSK has a
preventive effect on chemical carcinogen-induced,
radiation-induced, and spontaneously developed
carcinogenesis (Kobayashi et al., Cancer Epidemiol.,
Biomarkers & Prev., 2: 271-276, 1993). We now focus on
the effects of PSK once the progression of
carcinogenesis has begun, and review what is now known
of the preventive action of PSK on cancer metastasis.
Recent research reports that PSK suppresses pulmonary
metastasis of methylcholanthrene-induced sarcomas,
human prostate cancer DU145M, and lymphatic metastasis
of mouse leukemia P388, and that it has prolonged the
survival period in spontaneous metastasis models. PSK
also suppresses the metastasis of rat hepatoma AH60C,
mouse colon cancer colon 26, and mouse leukemia RL
male 1 in artificial metastasis models. PSK influences
the steps of cancer metastasis in a number of ways:
(a) by suppression of intravasation through the
inhibition of tumor invasion, adhesion and production
of cell matrix-degrading enzymes; (b) by suppression
of tumor cell attachment to endothelial cells through
the inhibition of tumor cell-induced platelet
aggregation; (c) by suppression of tumor cell
migration after extravasation through the inhibition
of tumor cell motility; and (d) by suppression of
tumor growth after extravasation through the
inhibition of angiogenesis, the modulation of cytokine
production, and the augmentation of effector cell
functions. In addition, PSK has suppressed the
malignant progression of mouse tumor cells through
superoxide trapping.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Publication Types:
PMID: 7606203 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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Prolongation of the survival period with the
biological response modifier PSK in rats bearing
N-methyl-N-nitrosourea-induced mammary gland tumors.
Fujii T,
Saito K,
Matsunaga K,
Oguchi Y,
Ikuzawa M,
Furusho T,
Taguchi T.
Kureha Chemical Ind. Co., Ltd., Biomedical Research
Laboratories, Tokyo, Japan.
The antitumor effects of a protein-bound
polysaccharide (PSK) obtained from cultured mycelia of
Coriolus versicolor in basidiomycetes on mammary gland
tumors produced in Sprague-Dawley rats by the
intravenous injection of N-methyl-N-nitrosourea were
investigated. PSK prolonged the survival period of
tumor-bearing rats significantly, when given at the
dose of 250 mg/kg twice a week for 3 weeks after the
tumor reached 100 mm2 in size (p = 0.011 by log rank
test and p = 0.023 by generalized Wilcoxon test).
These findings suggest that PSK is effective in the
prolongation of the survival period in the rat
autochthonous tumor model, acting at the growth stage
of the tumor during carcinogenesis.
PMID: 7669949 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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Immunomodulatory and antitumor activities of a
polysaccharide-peptide complex from a mycelial culture
of Tricholoma sp., a local edible mushroom.
Wang HX,
Liu WK,
Ng TB,
Ooi VE,
Chang ST.
Department of Biology, Chinese University of Hong
Kong, Shatin.
A polysaccharide-peptide complex (PSPC) with
immunomodulatory and antitumor activities was obtained
from a submerged mycelial culture of Tricholoma sp., a
local edible mushroom. The polysaccharide-peptide
complex exhibited a molecular weight of 17 K in gel
filtration and a single band after SDS-polyacrylamide
gel electrophoresis. It was characterized by
non-adsorption on both DEAE-Sepharose CL-6B and
CM-cellulose. It could activate the macrophages,
stimulate the proliferation of T-cells, and inhibit
the growth of sarcoma 180 in mice. It possessed more
potent immunomodulatory and antitumor activities than
Coriolus versicolor polysaccharopeptide (PSP) and
deserves to be studied as a potential agent for
immunomodulation and cancer therapy.
Publication Types:
PMID: 7596231 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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Enhancement of the antitumor effect by the
concurrent use of a monoclonal antibody and the
protein-bound polysaccharide PSK in mice bearing a
human cancer cell line.
Kanoh T,
Saito K,
Matsunaga K,
Oguchi Y,
Taniguchi N,
Endoh H,
Yoshimura M,
Fujii T,
Yoshikumi C.
Kureha Chemical Ind. Co., Ltd., Biomedical Research
Laboratories, Tokyo, Japan.
The antitumor effects of a monoclonal antibody against
a human cancer cell line and a protein-bound
polysaccharide, PSK, obtained from cultured mycelia of
Coriolus versicolor in basidiomycetes were examined.
The IgG2a monoclonal antibody against the human colon
cancer cell line colo 205 induced in vitro
antibody-dependent macrophage-mediated cytotoxicity
against the cancer cells, but only slightly suppressed
the in vivo growth of the cancer cells. Concurrent use
of PSK with the antibody enhanced the in vitro
antibody-dependent macrophage-mediated cytotoxicity as
well as the in vivo antitumor activity. These findings
suggest that the combined use of a monoclonal antibody
and PSK, which have different modes of action, may be
useful in the treatment of cancer.
PMID: 7919129 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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Suppression of in vivo tumor-induced angiogenesis
by the protein-bound polysaccharide PSK.
Kanoh T,
Matsunaga K,
Saito K,
Fujii T.
Kureha Chemical Ind. Co., Ltd., Biomedical Research
Laboratories, Tokyo, Japan.
The anti-angiogenic effects of an antitumor
protein-bound polysaccharide, PSK, obtained from
cultured mycelia of Coriolus versicolor in
basidiomycetes were examined by the mouse dorsal air
sac assay. PSK suppressed the mouse hepatoma
MH134-induced angiogenesis when assessed by
morphological and biochemical examinations. This
finding suggested that the anti-metastatic effect of
PSK is attributed to the suppression of tumor-induced
angiogenesis.
PMID: 7522606 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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Suppressive effects on cancer cell proliferation of
the enhancement of superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity
associated with the protein-bound polysaccharide of
Coriolus versicolor QUEL.
Kobayashi Y,
Kariya K,
Saigenji K,
Nakamura K.
Molecular Biology Laboratory, Kitasato University
School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan.
The protein-bound polysaccharide of Coriolus
versicolor QUEL (PS-K) expresses superoxide dismutase
(SOD) mimicking activity. Examination was made of the
suppressive effects of PS-K on cancer cell lines
cultured in vitro. SOD activity of incorporated PS-K
was 5.88 u/mg in LLC-WRC-256 (Walker 256 fibrosarcoma)
cells and 4.73 u/mg in NRK-49F (rat normal kidney
fibroblast) cells. SOD activity in both cell types was
enhanced about 7-8 times that of the original PS-K.
PS-K was not incorporated into H4-11-E or H4-11-E-C3
(rat hepatoma) cells. SOD activity of 1 mg/ml PS-K
incubated with cell homogenates of LLC-WRC-256 cells
for 6 hours increased from 0.68 u/mg to 1.35 u/mg. SOD
activity of PS-K 1 mg/ml in 0.05 M phosphate buffer
incubated with 50 microM NADPH increased from 0.68
u/mg. The consumption of NADPH at the same
concentration was confirmed spectrophotometically by
incubation with PS-K. The mechanism for the
enhancement of SOD activity associated with PS-K is
considered to be collaboration with NADPH as an
electron donor in the cytoplasm of cancer cells whose
SOD and coupling enzyme activities are significantly
lower than in normal cells.
PMID: 7812365 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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Suppression of cancer cell growth in vitro by the
protein-bound polysaccharide of Coriolus versicolor
QUEL (PS-K) with SOD mimicking activity.
Kobayashi Y,
Kariya K,
Saigenji K,
Nakamura K.
Molecular Biology Laboratory, Kotasato University
School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan.
The protein-bound polysaccharide of Coriolus
versicolor QUEL (PS-K) expresses the mimicking
activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD). Examination
was made of the suppressive effects of PS-K on cancer
cell lines cultured in vitro. The SOD activity of
LLC-WRC-256 (Walker 256 fibrosarcoma) cell lines was
less than that of NRK-49F (rat normal kidney
fibroblast), H4-II-E (rat hepatoma) and H4-II-E-C3
(rat hepatoma) cell lines. This activity in Walker 256
fibrosarcoma cells increased by 3.6 times and H2O2
concentration, by 2.56 times by PS-K 500
micrograms/ml. Cell proliferation was consequently
suppressed and living cells decreased to less than 50%
of the cells cultured without PS-K. Catalase and
glutathione peroxidase activity changed little by
PS-K. The sensitivity of cancer cells to PS-K can be
predetermined based on SOD activity in tumor tissue.
PMID: 7812358 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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Oxidative stress relief for cancer-bearing hosts by
the protein-bound polysaccharide of Coriolus
versicolor QUEL with SOD mimicking activity.
Kobayashi Y,
Kariya K,
Saigenji K,
Nakamura K.
Molecular Biology Laboratory, Kitasato University
School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan.
The protein-bound polysaccharide of Coriolus
versicolor QUEL (PS-K) expresses the mimetic activity
of superoxide dismutase (SOD). Human cancer patients
usually suffer from oxidative stress (OS). Examination
was made to determine the capacity of this drug with
SOD mimetic activity for relieving OS. Rats
transplanted with Walker 256 fibrosarcoma showed OS on
day 12. After confirming high levels of OS on day 13,
PS-K50 mg/kg was intraperitoneally administered, and
prompt decrease in O2-release from RBC was noted. The
drug ceased to have any effect 24 hours following the
first inoculation. Average OS in human cancer patients
was found twice that in healthy persons. In human
cancer patients perorally administered PS-K3.0 g/day,
OS decreased to the normal level one day after the
initial administration. Plasma lipid peroxide (LPO) in
cancer patients treated with PS-K for 28 days
increased and withdrawal of the drug led to decreased
LPO.
PMID: 7812357 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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Enhancement of anti-cancer activity of
cisdiaminedichloroplatinum by the protein-bound
polysaccharide of Coriolus versicolor QUEL (PS-K) in
vitro.
Kobayashi Y,
Kariya K,
Saigenji K,
Nakamura K.
Molecular Biology Laboratory, Kitasato University
School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan.
The protein-bound polysaccharide of Coriolus
versicolor QUEL (PS_K) expresses superoxide dismutase
(SOD) mimicking activity. Examination was made of the
effects of PS-K on cancer cell lines following
administration of the anti-cancer drug
cisdiaminedichloroplatinum (cisplatin). Cell
proliferation of each cell line was inhibited markedly
by cisplatin from 0.5 to 5 micrograms/0.5 ml per well.
Fifty percent of the inhibitory concentration (IC50)
was 0.33 micrograms/0.5 ml per well in NRK-49F and
human ovarian cancer cells, and 1.5 micrograms/0.5 ml
per well in H4-II-E. PS-K 50 micrograms/0.5 ml per
well prevented cytotoxicity due to cisplatin toward
NRK-49F, but enhanced the cytotoxicity on H4-II-E and
human ovarian cancer cells. Increase in lipid peroxide
and decrease in SOD activity were observed following
an IC50 dose of cisplatin. With PS-K 50 micrograms/0.5
ml per well, all the above were augmented in H4-II-E
and ovarian cancer cells, but diminished in NRK-49F
cell line. PS-K may have effect on cancer patients
through its combining with cisplatin.
PMID: 7719382 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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Activation of peritoneal macrophages by
polysaccharopeptide from the mushroom, Coriolus
versicolor.
Liu WK,
Ng TB,
Sze SF,
Tsui KW.
Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Chinese
University of Hong Kong, Shatin.
Polysaccharopeptide (PSP) is a substance produced by
an edible mushroom, Coriolus versicolor which has been
claimed to possess antitumor activity. However,
neither tumoricidal activity nor cytotoxicity was
observed when five tumor cell lines and mouse
peritoneal macrophages were cultured in vitro in the
presence of 2.5-10 micrograms/ml PSP. An increase in
the production of reactive nitrogen intermediates,
reactive oxygen intermediates (superoxide anions) and
tumor necrosis factor was measured in peritoneal
macrophages collected from inbred C57 mice which had
received PSP in the drinking water for 2 weeks.
Northern blot analysis also demonstrated that PSP
activated the transcription of tumor necrosis factor
gene in these cells, indicating that PSP exerted an
immunomodulatory effect on the defensive cells.
Publication Types:
PMID: 8282538 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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PSK as a chemopreventive agent.
Kobayashi H,
Matsunaga K,
Fujii M.
Higashi-Nihon Gakuen University, Hokkaido, Japan.
PSK, a protein-bound polysaccharide preparation
obtained from cultured mycelia of the CM-101 strain of
Coriolus versicolor belonging to basidiomycetes, is a
biological response modifier capable of exhibiting
diverse biological activities. This agent has been
used clinically for the treatment of postoperative
cancer patients in Japan by oral use. In this paper,
chemopreventive aspects of PSK were reviewed. Oral
administration of PSK reduced the incidence of tumor
and/or prolonged the survival period in the following
chemical carcinogen-induced, radiation-induced, and
spontaneously developed animal cancer models: rat
gastrointestinal cancer induced by
1,2-dimethylhydrazine; rat hepatoma by
3'-methyl-dimethylaminobenzene; mouse thymic lymphoma
by whole-body irradiation; mouse spontaneous mammary
tumor; and so on. PSK did not interact and/or inhibit
drug-metabolizing enzymes and had no effect on the
Ames test. On the other hand, this agent scavenged
active oxygen through the induction of manganese
superoxide dismutase, prevented the increase in
frequency of anticancer agent-induced sister chromatid
exchange, and suppressed fetal deformation induced by
transplacental injection of teratogen, suggesting an
effect on the initiation or promotion process of
carcinogenesis. Also, PSK regulated cytokine
production and enhanced the antitumor activity of
effector cells such as killer T-cells and natural
killer cells, suggesting an effect on the growth
process after the development of malignant cells.
Thus, this agent seems to act at multiple steps during
carcinogenesis rather than a particular step. The main
mechanism may be an antiteratogenic effect attributed
to radical trapping, preventive effects against
chromosome injury, and immunomodulative effects
attributed to the modulation of cytokine production
and effector cell function.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250
WORDS)
Publication Types:
PMID: 8318880 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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Postoperative PSK and OK-432 immunochemotherapy for
patients with gastric cancer.
Maehara Y,
Inutsuka S,
Takeuchi H,
Baba H,
Kusumoto H,
Sugimachi K.
Department of Surgery II, Faculty of Medicine, Kyushu
University Fukuoka, Japan.
We evaluated the effects of chemotherapy given
postoperatively with and without immunomodulators on
the survival of patients who had undergone resection
for gastric cancer. We conducted a retrospective
survey of data on 963 Japanese patients treated at our
department of surgery between 1965 and 1987. Data
related to the duration of postoperative survival were
calculated for those who received chemotherapy, i.e.
an individualized combination of various agents given
with or without the immunomodulators PSK, a protein
extract of the fungus Coriolus versicolor, and/or
OK-432, a preparation of an attenuated strain of
Streptococcus (immunochemotherapy). Postoperative
immunochemotherapy was more often prescribed for
patients with advanced disease. The survival of
patients who received immunochemotherapy was shorter
than that of patients who received only chemotherapy.
In a subgroup of patients adjusted for disease stage,
the survival of those on chemotherapy versus
immunochemotherapy did not differ significantly at any
stage. For optimal results, a protocol for
postoperative immunochemotherapy needs to be designed
and investigated prospectively and according to the
stage of gastric cancer. The stage III gastric cancers
seem amenable to a favorable response.
PMID: 8261578 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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Effects of biological response modifiers with
different modes of action used separately and together
on immune responses in mice with syngeneic tumours.
Matsunaga K,
Morita I,
Iijima H,
Endoh H,
Oguchi Y,
Yoshimura M,
Fujii T,
Yoshikumi C,
Nomoto K.
Biomedical Research Laboratories, Kureha Chemical
Industry Co. Ltd, Tokyo, Japan.
The effect of a protein-bound polysaccharide (PSK)
obtained from cultured mycelia of the Basidiomycetes
Coriolus versicolor on activities involved in the host
defence mechanism of C57BL/6 mice bearing
adenocarcinoma 755 was compared with that of live
bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG). Delayed footpad
reaction, the activity of splenic natural killer cells
and interferon production induced by concanavalin A in
splenic cells of healthy mice were little affected by
PSK, but in mice bearing tumours PSK prevented the
tumour-induced reduction in these activities. Live BCG
augmented these activities in healthy mice but had
little effect on the reduction of activities induced
by a tumour. The immunosuppressive activity of the
serum of tumour-bearing mice was reduced by PSK
administration; live BCG did not have this effect. The
combined use of live BCG and PSK improved these
activities in the host, with synergistic increases in
the antitumour effect. These results suggest that the
combined use of live BCG and PSK, which have different
modes of action, may be useful in the treatment of
cancer.
Publication Types:
PMID: 1280606 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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Mimicking of superoxide dismutase activity by
protein-bound polysaccharide of Coriolus versicolor
QUEL, and oxidative stress relief for cancer patients.
Kariya K,
Nakamura K,
Nomoto K,
Matama S,
Saigenji K.
Molecular Biology Laboratory, Kitasato University
School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan.
The protein-bound polysaccharide of Coriolus
versicolor QUEL (PS-K) has been found to express
antioxidant activity as an "ion-radical scavenger" in
diamine oxidation reactions. The mode of this
expression was examined to determine whether the drug
functioned as a simple radical scavenger or mimicked
the action of superoxide dismutase (SOD). The latter
was confirmed in both enzymatic and nonenzymatic
superoxide anion radical (O2-.) producing systems in
vitro. The SOD mimetic activity of PS-K was
demonstrated by quantitative analysis of hydrogen
peroxide as the end product of O2-., its formation
being assisted catalytically by SOD or PS-K. Analysis
by electron spin resonance also confirmed the SOD
mimetic activity of PS-K in a xanthine-xanthine
oxidase reaction. Relative SOD activity with PS-K was
approximately 1/8,000 in a KO2-O2-.-producing system.
The SOD mimetic activity of PS-K resisted treatment by
0.7N HCl, 0.7N NaOH, boiling for 30 minutes in a
double water bath, and digestion by pronase.
Fractionation according to differences in molecular
mass caused no significant increase in relative SOD
activity within a certain range of molecular mass,
indicating that there is no definite molecule
expressing SOD mimetic activity. Tumor-bearing rats
and human patients with digestive tract cancer who
suffered from oxidative stress were relieved by a
single intraperitoneal administration of PS-K or a
1-day peroral prescription.
Publication Types:
PMID: 1627273 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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The anti-tumor effect of a small polypeptide from
Coriolus versicolor (SPCV).
Yang MM,
Chen Z,
Kwok JS.
Department of Physiology, University of Hong Kong.
A new small polypeptide was isolated from the crude
extraction of polysaccharide peptide of Coriolus
versicolor (Cov-1) by HPLC and CIEF. It has a smaller
molecular weight (10K) compared with that of PSP
(100K) and was named small peptide of Coriolus
versicolor, SPCV. It was found that SPCV possesses
potent cytotoxic effect on human tumor cell lines of
HL-60, LS174-T, SMMU-7721, and SCG-7901. The IC50 of
SPCV on HL-60 was 30 micrograms/ml. The inhibition
rates of leukemia cells and SCG-7901 were
significantly higher in SPCV treated group than that
in PSP and PSK groups. SPCV also has
immunopotentiating effect as it increased WBC and IgG
levels. Pretreatment of SPCV for two weeks decreased
the incidence of tumor mass in nude mice inoculated
with tumor cells.
Publication Types:
PMID: 1471606 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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Enhancement of effector cell activities in mice
bearing syngeneic plasmacytoma X5563 by a biological
response modifier, PSK.
Matsunaga K,
Iijima H,
Aota M,
Oguchi Y,
Fujii T,
Yoshikumi C,
Nomoto K.
Biomedical Research Laboratories, Kureha Chemical
Industry, Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan.
We investigated the effect of PSK, a protein-bound
polysaccharide obtained from Coriolus versicolor of
basidiomycetes, on antitumor immunity in tumor-bearing
mice. PSK prolonged significantly the life span of
C3H/He mice bearing syngeneic plasmacytoma X5563 in a
schedule- and dose-dependent manner. PSK was most
effective when administered at 100 mg/kg every other
day ten times starting from the day after tumor
inoculation. The administration of PSK enhanced
significantly the cytostatic activity of peritoneal
exudate plastic-adherent cells and the cytolytic
activity of spleen cells after in vitro incubation
with mitomycin C-treated tumor cells. In addition, PSK
restored the cytokine-producing capacity of spleen
cells suppressed in tumor-bearing mice after in vitro
incubation with mitogen. Sera from tumor-bearing mice
suppressed the activity of such effector cells as well
as the interleukin 2-producing capacity of spleen
cells, but sera from PSK-treated tumor-bearing mice
prevented this suppression. These results suggest that
PSK enhances antitumor immunity by reducing
immunosuppressive activity of serum from tumor-bearing
mice.
PMID: 1339233 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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A protein-bound polysaccharide immunomodulator, PSK,
does not suppress the conversion from
1-(2-tetrahydrofuryl)-5-fluorouracil to 5-fluorouracil
in patients with gastric cancer.
Anai H,
Sakaguchi Y,
Emi Y,
Kohnoe S,
Maehara Y,
Sugimachi K.
Cancer Center, Kyushu University Hospital, Fukuoka,
Japan.
Effects of the immunomodulator PSK on the metabolism
of 1-(2-tetrahydrofuryl)-5-fluorouracil (tegafur) to
5-fluorouracil (5-FU) were examined in 10 patients
with advanced gastric cancer and who had undergone
curative resection. PSK is a protein-bound
preparation, extracted from Coriolus versicolor and
belongs to Basidiomycetes. The 5-FU concentration in
the plasma was 0.024 micrograms/ml at 15 min after the
intravenous injection of 400 mg of tegafur and the
area under the curve of 5-FU was 0.58 micrograms.h/ml.
Following administration of PSK, 3 g/day for 8-14
months, there was no change in the plasma level of
5-FU, in any patient. As the clinical dose of PSK had
no apparent influence on the metabolism of tegafur to
5-FU, the combination of PSK and tegafur can be
prescribed to treat patients with advanced gastric
cancer.
PMID: 1802023 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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Effects of a protein-bound polysaccharide from a
basidiomycetes against hepatocarcinogenesis induced by
3'-methyl-4-dimethylaminoazobenzene in rats.
Nakajima T,
Ichikawa S,
Uchida S,
Komada T.
Department of Medicine, Juntendo University School of
Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
PSK, extracted from mycelia of a strain of Coriolus
versicolor, was administered to groups of 20 male
Wistar rats before and during treatment with
3'-methyl-4-dimethylaminoazobenzene (3-MDAB). After 24
weeks, the survival rates were significantly higher in
the groups given PSK before or with the 3-MDAB than in
groups not given PSK or given PSK after 12 weeks of
3-MDAB treatment. Blood alpha-fetoprotein levels,
determined every four weeks, increased in all groups
after 3-MDAB treatment, but were significantly lower
in the groups given PSK before or with the 3-MDAB than
in the other groups. The results indicate that PSK had
a suppressive effect on 3-MDAB-induced
hepatocarcinogenesis.
PMID: 1702689 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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Stimulation of human peripheral blood
polymorphonuclear cell iodination by PSK subfractions.
Sakagami H,
Kim F,
Konno K.
First Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine,
Showa University, Tokyo, Japan.
A protein-bound polysaccharide, PSK, extracted from
the mycelium of Coriolus versicolor (Fr.) Quel,
stimulated the iodination (incorporation of
radioactive iodine into an acid-insoluble fraction) of
human peripheral blood polymorphonuclear cells (PMN),
human promyelocytic leukemic HL-60 cells and human
myeloblastic leukemic ML-1 cells. In contrast, PSK did
not significantly increase the iodination of other
cultured cell lines (U-937, THP-1, L-929, T98G, BALB
3T3). The PSK stimulation of iodination of both PMN
and HL-60 cells depended on incubation time and
temperature, and was significantly suppressed by the
presence of myeloperoxidase inhibitors. Among various
PSK subfractions, the highest molecular weight
fraction (MW greater than 200 kD), or the fraction
precipitated at pH 4.0-4.5, stimulated the iodination
most. In contrast, natural and chemically modified
glucans had little or no stimulation activity. The
active PSK subfractions synergistically enhanced TNF
stimulation of PMN iodination. The data suggest the
presence of some unique components in PSK which
directly stimulate the iodination of myeloperoxidase-positive
cells.
Publication Types:
PMID: 2369086 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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Competitive action of a biological response
modifier, PSK, on a humoral immunosuppressive factor
produced in tumor-bearing hosts.
Matsunaga K,
Morita I,
Iijima H,
Endo H,
Oguchi Y,
Yoshimura M,
Fujii T,
Yoshikumi C,
Nomoto K.
Biomedical Research Laboratories, Kureha Chemical
Industries Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan.
We investigated the effect of PSK, a protein-bound
polysaccharide obtained from the basidiomycetes
Coriolus versicolor, on an immunosuppressive factor
produced in tumor-bearing animals. Oral administration
of PSK suppressed the growth of the tumor in C3H/He
mice bearing X5563 plasmacytoma or MH134 hepatoma, but
affected mice bearing MM102 mammary tumor little. PSK
prevented the reduction in splenic lymphocyte
blastogenesis caused by phytohemagglutinin that occurs
in mice bearing X5563 tumors or MH134 hepatoma. The
lymphocyte blastogenesis affected little by tumor or
PSK in mice bearing MM102 tumors. The effect of sera
on the blastogenesis of lymphocytes caused by
phytohemagglutinin was different with different tumors
in the C3H/He mice. Serum of mice bearing X5563 tumors
inhibited blastogenesis, but serum of mice bearing
MH134 hepatoma or MM102 tumors promoted it. The sera
of mice bearing MH134 hepatoma contained both
inhibitory and promotive factors; those of mice
bearing X5563 tumors contained an inhibitory factor,
and those of mice bearing MM102 tumors contained a
promotive factor. The oral administration of PSK
reduced the inhibition caused by the sera of mice
bearing X5563 tumors. The promotive activity of sera
from mice bearing MH134 hepatoma was augmented by PSK;
that of sera in mice bearing MM102 tumors was not
affected by PSK. Living Bacillus Calmette-Guérin did
not have such effects in any of these mice. Serum
immunosuppressive activity was also reduced by PSK in
various tumor lines of rodents. These results suggest
that PSK acts by reducing the activity of
immunosuppressive factors produced in tumor-bearing
hosts.
Publication Types:
PMID: 1966997 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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